目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的临床效果。方法 选取2023年1月—2025年7月接受手术治疗的80例急性结石性胆囊炎患者,根据手术方式不同分为对照组（采用开腹胆囊切除术）和研究组（采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术）,每组各40例。比较两组临床指标（手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、首次下床活动时间、住院时间）、应激反应指标[肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）和C反应蛋白（CRP）]、术后疼痛情况和并发症发生情况。结果 研究组手术时间、术后肛门排气时间、首次下床活动时间、住院时间均均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;术后研究组TNF-α、IL-6和CRP水平,以及不同时点（术后4、6、24 h）疼痛评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;研究组并发症发生率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结果 腹腔镜胆囊切除术用于急性结石性胆囊炎治疗中可减轻对患者造成的创伤,具有疼痛程度和应激反应轻等优势,可减少术后并发症发生,患者术后可更快恢复,具有临床价值。

Objective To explore the efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis. Methods A total of 80 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis were selected from January 2023 to July 2025. Based on the surgical approach, the patients were divided into a control group （undergoing open cholecystectomy） and a study group （undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy）, with 40 cases in each group. Clinical indicators （operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative anal exhaust time, time of first ambulation, and length of hospital stay）, stress response indicators [tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）, interleukin 6 （IL-6）, and C-reactive protein （CRP）], postoperative pain levels, and complication rates were compared between the two groups. Results The study group showed shorter operation time, postoperative anal exhaust time, time of first ambulation, and length of hospital stay, as well as less intraoperative blood loss than the control group. （P<0.05）. The study group also demonstrated lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP after operation, as well as lower pain scores at different time points （4, 6, 24 h after surgery） than the control group （P<0.05）. The complication incidence rate in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can reduce trauma to patients, with advantages such as milder pain and stress responses, lower postoperative complication rates, and faster recovery. It holds clinical significance for treating acute calculous cholecystitis.