目的 探讨小骨窗开颅神经内镜辅助下颅内血肿清除治疗对于高血压基底节区脑出血术后神经功能的影响。方法 选取2022年3月—2025年3月收治的高血压基底节区脑出血患者90例,根据所接受治疗措施的差异分为观察组和对照组,每组各45例。对照组接受小骨窗开颅颅内血肿清除治疗,观察组接受小骨窗开颅神经内镜辅助下颅内血肿清除治疗。对比两组患者生活质量[健康调查量表36（SF-36）评分]、Fugl-Meyer量表和美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分;并对比两组患者再出血风险以及手术并发症发生率。结果 观察组患者治疗后NIHSS评分低于对照组,Fugl-Meyer量表评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组SF-36躯体、总体健康、活力、社会功能评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）;术后再出血发生率在两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但观察组发症总发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 小骨窗开颅神经内镜辅助下颅内血肿清除治疗对于高血压基底节区脑出血术后神经功能具有正面影响。

Objective To investigate the effect of small bone window craniotomy assisted with neuroendoscopic evacuation of intracranial hematoma on postoperative neurological function of hypertensive basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods A total of 90 patients with hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage admitted from March 2022 to March 2025 were selected. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group （45 cases each） based on treatment measures. The control group received small bone window craniotomy for intracranial hematoma evacuation, while the observation group underwent small bone window craniotomy with endoscopic-assisted intracranial hematoma evacuation. The quality of life [Short-form 36 health survey （SF-36） score], Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） scores were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the risk of rebleeding and the incidence of surgical complications were compared between the two groups. Results The NIHSS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the Fugl Meyer score was higher （P<0.05）; the SF-36 bodily pain, general health, vitality, and social functioning scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group （P<0.05）. The incidence rates of postoperative rebleeding were not different between the two groups （P>0.05）, but the overall incidence rates of complications were lower in the observation group than in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Small bone window craniotomy assisted with neuroendoscopic evacuation of intracranial hematoma has a positive impact on neurological function after surgery for hypertensive basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage.