目的 对大型医疗设备的故障原因进行分类分析,并提出维护管理策略,以提高设备使用效率,保障医疗质量与安全。方法 基于江湾医院医疗设备的故障数据,采用鱼骨图法对故障进行分层分析,主要从机器故障、人员问题、管理问题和环境问题四个维度展开。结果 机器故障占主导地位,尤其在计算机体层成像（CT）、数字减影血管造影（DSA）、医用直线加速器（LA）和磁共振（MR）等设备中,核心部件的机械磨损、电子元件老化及环境因素对设备性能影响显著。此外,操作不当和管理疏漏也对设备故障有一定贡献。结论 针对故障原因,提出以下应对措施：加强硬件维护与定期更换,优化操作培训与知识考核,建立精细化管理制度,并强化环境监控与调节机制。同时,建议构建设备全生命周期管理体系,从采购、使用到报废,实现闭环质量控制,全面提升设备的可靠性与使用效率。

Objective To classify and analyze the causes of faults in large medical equipment and propose maintenance management strategies to improve equipment utilization efficiency and ensure medical quality and safety. Methods Based on the fault data of medical equipment at Jiangwan Hospital, fishbone diagram method was adopted for hierarchical analysis of equipment faults, mainly from four dimensions： mechanical faults, human factors, management problems, and environmental issues. Results Mechanical faults accounted for the dominant proportion, especially in equipment such as computed tomography （CT）, digital subtraction agiography （DSA）, linear accelerators （LA）, and magnetic resonance （MR）, where mechanical wear of core components, aging of electronic components, and environmental factors had significant impacts on equipment performance. In addition, improper operation and management negligence also contributed to equipment faults to a certain extent. Conclusion In response to the fault causes, this paper puts forward the following countermeasures： strengthening hardware maintenance and regular replacement, optimizing operation training and knowledge assessment, establishing a refined management system, and enhancing environmental monitoring and regulation mechanisms. Meanwhile, it is recommended to construct a full life cycle management system for medical equipment, realizing closed-loop quality control from procurement, use, to disposal, so as to comprehensively improve the reliability and utilization efficiency of equipment.