11-β羟基类固醇脱氢酶(11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase，11β-HSD)是胎盘分泌的糖皮质激素(glucoeorticoids，GC)代谢酶，对胎盘与胎膜的作用有重要影响，同时阻挡着母体GC过多的进入胎儿，避免造成胎儿体质下降、日后并发糖尿病的危害。11β-HSD有两种亚型，11β-HSD1是一种亲和力较低的氧化还原酶，并且主要表现还原酶活性，主要是活化无活性的17-羟-11-脱氢皮质酮(cortisone，E)为有活性的皮质酮(cortisol，F)，因此具有GC再生和增效的作用;11β-HSD2是一种亲和力较高的依赖性脱氢酶，表现单一氧化酶作用，它主要是催化皮质醇将其由有活性状态转化为无活性状态，从而阻挡母体浓度高于胎儿水平5~10倍的GC进入胎盘中，形成保障胎儿正常生长发育的GC屏障。
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(11β-HSD) is the GC metabolic enzymes secreted by the human placenta.It works on glucoeorticoids(GC) which has a great regulating effect between placenta and fetal membranes.Meanwhile,11β-HSD is keeping the fetus away from large amout of GC that may result in fetal physical deterioration or diabetes.As known,11β-HSD has two subtypes,11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2.11β-HSD1 is a kind of oxidordeuctase with low affinity and it mainly performs its reductase activity.11β-HSD1 mainly activates the inert cortisone,E to become viable cortisol,F.So regeneration and efficiency of GC is activated; 11β-HSD2 is a kind of dependency dehydrogenase with high affinity and it mainly performs a single oxidase.The main function is transforming catalytic cortisol from its active state into the inactive state,which blocks the matrix concentration above the level of the fetal 5 ~ 10 times of GC into the placenta,then forms the GC barrier protection of the normal growth and development of fetus.
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