肺癌是我国发病率最高的恶性肿瘤之一, 以铂类为基础的标准化疗方案和分子靶向治疗纷纷陷入瓶颈时期。免疫治疗，尤其是免疫检测点抑制剂，因其有肿瘤缓解率提高、毒副作用小、患者易耐受等优点可能为非小细胞肺癌安全有效的新治疗方法。本文将重点论述目前临床上常见的免疫检测点抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌中的治疗原理，治疗效果，不良反应和亟待解决的问题。

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death of high morbidity and mortality with poor prognosis. Efficacy of chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy had reached the plateau. The immunotherapies, especially the checkpoint inhibitors, offer a novel approach for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) because of its high response rate, less adverse reactions and well tolerance. The purpose of this paper will draw a summary on the theory, effect, toxicity and problems to be solved of the checkpoint inhibitors therapy in NSCLC.