[摘要] 目的 对比评价一期根治术与切开引流术治疗肛周脓肿的临床效果。方法 回顾性总结84例肛周脓肿住院患者，分别行一期根治术（治疗组，n=44）和切开引流术（治疗组，n=40），比较术后疗效。结果 与对照组相比，治疗组患者术后脓肿复发率、形成肛瘘的发生率、创面愈合时间明显低于对照组（p<0.001）。两组术后均未发生肛门失禁、肛门狭窄及肛门畸形等，随访1年，肛门功能均正常。结论 一期根治术治疗肛周脓肿手术一次成功，明显降低了脓肿的复发率和肛瘘的发生率，既缩短了疗程，又减轻了患者的痛苦和经济负担,是目前治疗肛周脓肿比较理想的方法。

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the clinical effect between primary radical operation and incision and drainage of the treatment on crissum abscess．Methods 84 cases of crissum abscess were randomly divided into treatment group (n=44) and control group (n=40). Patients in treatment group were received primary radical operation, patients in control group were only treated by incision and drainage. Results Compared with the control group, treatment group patients postoperative abscess recurrence rate forming the incidence of anal fistula, wound healing time significantly lower than the control group obviously(p<0.001)．Two groups were anal incontinence, anal stenosis and postoperative anal malformation, etc., were followed up for 1 year, anus function are normal．Conclusions It is suggested that primary radical operation can be primarily performed，lower the abscess recurrence and anal fistula incidence，which not only shorten treatment course，but also reduce pain of patients．Primary radical operation is a good method of crissum abscess therapy．