目的 了解我院分离病原菌的临床特征及耐药情况,为临床医生合理应用抗生素提供依据。方法 应用VITEK2 Compact全自动微生物分析仪鉴定临床菌株，WHONET5.6分析软件对2015年分离的病原菌进行回顾性分析。结果 2015年共检出病原菌2924株，其中，革兰阴性菌占69.6%（2036/2924），革兰阳性球菌占30.4%(888/2924)。标本种类以痰液、尿、血标本和分泌物为主. 病原菌主要分离自ICU,其次为门诊、普外科、泌尿外科和呼吸科。革兰阴性菌中，鲍曼不动杆菌和肺炎克雷伯对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药比较严重。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs酶菌株对抗生素耐药率多高于非产ESBLs酶菌株。革兰阳性菌中，甲氧西林耐药葡萄球菌对抗生素的耐药率普遍高于甲氧西林敏感葡萄球菌。结论 2015年临床细菌耐药情况仍比较严重，为控制感染和临床合理应用抗生素，耐药监测工作刻不容缓。

【Abstact】 Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and the drug resistance in our hospital and to provide the scientific evidence for clinically reasonable use of antibiotics. Methods VITEK-2 Compact was used to identify the clinical strains. WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the clinical isolates of pathogens (Jan 2015- Dec 2015 ). Results A total of 2924 non-repetitive messages of bacteria were collected in 2015. Among them, the prevalence of gram-negative bacteria was 69.6%（2036/2924）and gram-positive bacteria was 30.4%.（888/2924）. Most of the bacteria were isolated from sputum，urine，blood and secretion specimens. Departments of ICU was the main endemic area of bacteria，followed by clinic service，general surgery，urology surgery and respiratory .For Escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae，the drug resistance of ESBLs positive Escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae is more serious than the ESBLs negative Escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. For gram-negative bacteria, the Carbapenem-resistace of Acinetobacter baumannii and klebsiella pneumonia was still serious. For gram-positive bacteria, the resistance rate of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus(MRS) is higher than that of methicillin sensitive staphylococcus(MSS). Conclusion The bacterial drug-resistance was still serious issue in the clinical setting in the year of 2015. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance have important significance to control infection and guide clinical rational drug use.