【摘要】目的：探讨直肠癌根治术与化疗联合治疗对改善直肠癌患者预后的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析我院2010年1月至2015年1月期间90例直肠癌患者的临床资料，将入组的患者根据随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组，每组45例，对照组患者行经腹直癌根治术治疗，研究组在对照组的基础上术后联合化疗治疗，比较两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生情况、治疗前后血清CA199表达、CEA含量变化、生活质量以及生存情况。结果：两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），治疗前两组患者的血清CA199表达、CEA含量比较无统计学差异（P>0.05），治疗后两组患者的血清CA199表达、CEA含量均显著下降，且研究组下降程度显著大于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），治疗后研究组患者生活质量评分显著高于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），所有患者均获得随访，随访时间至2017年1月，研究组患者术后生存率及生存期均显著优于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：直肠癌根治术与化疗联合应用能有效的改善预后，提高患者的生活质量，且无明显不良反应，值得临床进行应用及推广。

[Abstract] Objective: To explore the clinical effect of radical resection of rectal carcinoma plus chemotherapy for improving the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: The clinical data of 90 patients with colorectal cancer were selected and divided into control group and research group (n=45) in accordance with the random number table. The cases in control group were taken radical resection of rectal carcinoma and the cases in research group were taken chemotherapy on the basis of control group. The adverse reactions, serum CA199 level, CEA level, quality of life and living condition were compared. Results: there was no significant difference of adverse reactions during treatment (P>0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference of serum CA199 level and CEA level between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the serum CA199 level and CEA level between the two groups were decreased significantly and the decreased degree in research group was much greater than control group (P<0.05). The life quality score in research was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). All the patients were followed up to Jan.2017. The postoperative survival rate and postoperative survive period was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Radical resection of rectal carcinoma plus chemotherapy can improve the prognosis, the life quality of patients with colorectal cancer with no obvious adverse effect. It deserves to be spread and studied in the clinic.