超声引导下腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞是一种前腹壁周围神经阻滞(T6至L1),方法是在超声引导下将局麻药物注射到腹横肌筋膜和其深部肌肉筋膜间隙内。目前用于临床的有腹外侧入路法、肋缘下入路法和后侧入路法等不同入路方式,根据所要达到的麻醉平面选择对应入路法。TAP阻滞可用于腹部手术术中麻醉和术后镇痛。作为多模式镇痛方案之一,可提高腹部手术镇痛效果。超声引导下操作提高了阻滞成功率、降低并发症的发生率。联合应用右美托咪定可以增强镇痛质量,连续TAP阻滞可以达到持续稳定的镇痛效果。
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