目的 探讨支气管冷冻肺活检(TBCB)对间质性肺疾病(ILD)诊断的价值。方法 对5例影像学表现为弥漫性肺疾病的病例,经支气管冷冻肺活检进行病理诊断,对标本的诊断效能以及临床、影像和病理资料进行分析。结果 5例患者临床症状主要表现为咳嗽、进行性呼吸困难,病程20 d～120个月不等(平均38.53个月)。共获取活检组织块24块,平均每例4～6块,标本大小1～40 mm²,平均(8.19±7.73) mm²,有效组织块数占79.17%(19/24)。均获得病理诊断结果:结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病2例、呼吸性细支气管炎伴间质性肺疾病、吸入相关间质性肺病和普通型间质性肺炎各1例。结论 TBCB损伤小、并发症少,容易获得有效病变组织块,是ILD病理诊断的一种有效取材方法。

Objective To investigate the value of bronchial frozen lung biopsy (TBCB) in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD).Methods To analysis the clinic, radiological and pathological parameter of five cases with diffuse lung disease diagnosed by TBCB.Results The clinical symptoms of five patients were mainly cough and progressive dyspnea,with a course of disease ranged from 20 days to 120 months (average 38.53 months).A total of 24 biopsy tissues were obtained, with an average of 4-6 pieces per case.The specimen size was 1-40 mm², average (8.19±7.73) mm², and the effective number of tissues accounted for 79.17% (19/24).All obtained pathological diagnosis:two cases of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease, one case of respiratory bronchiolitis with interstitial lung disease, one case of inhalation-related interstitial lung and one case of common interstitial pneumonia respectively.Conclusion TBCB has minor damage, less complications, and easy access to effective lesions.It is an effective method for the pathological diagnosis of ILD.