目的 探讨输尿管软镜碎石取石术与经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的效果。方法 选取2017年1月—2019年11月收治的100例肾结石患者（结石直径≤2 cm）作为研究对象,随机分为输尿管软镜组（50例,采用输尿管软镜碎石取石术治疗）和肾镜组（50例,采用经皮肾镜取石术治疗）。对两组手术指标（手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间）、结石清除率及并发症发生情况进行比较。结果 输尿管软镜组术中出血量及住院时间均显著小于肾镜组（P<0.05）。两组手术时间和结石清除率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;输尿管软镜组并发症发生率显著低于肾镜组（P<0.05）。结论 输尿管软镜碎石取石术与经皮肾镜取石术用于治疗结石直径≤2 cm的肾结石手术效果相当,但输尿管软镜碎石取石术术中出血量、住院时间、并发症发生率更低,因此,更适用于结石直径≤2 cm的肾结石患者。

Objective To investigate the effects of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy on kidney stones. Methods From January 2017 to November 2019, a total of 100 patients with kidney stones (stone diameter≤2cm) admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into a ureteroscopy group (50 cases were treated by ureteroscopic lithotripsy) and a nephrolithotomy group (50 cases were treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy). The surgical indicators (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay), stone clearance rate, and complic?ations were compared between the two groups. Results The amount of blood loss and the length of hospital stay in the ureteroscopy group were significantly lower than those in the nephroscopy group (P<0.05), and the differences in operation time and stone clearance rate between the two groups were not significant (P>0.05). The complication rate in the ureteroscopy group was significantly lower than that in the nephroscopy group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ureteroscopic lithotripsy has the same effect as percutaneous nephrolithotomy on kidney stones with a diameter≤2 cm. However, the amount of blood loss, the length of hospital stay, and complication rate during ureteroscopic lithotripsy are lower. Therefore, it is more suitable for patients with kidney stone diameter≤2 cm.