目的 分析3D打印技术辅助椎弓根螺钉置入治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法 将2017年7月—2019年7月收治的40例胸腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象,其中20例患者行常规椎弓根螺钉置入治疗,作为对照组;另20例患者则采用3D打印技术辅助医师观察、模拟手术后行椎弓根螺钉置入治疗,作为观察组。对比两组患者的围手术期指标、置钉效果、伤椎复位情况及患者并发症。结果 观察组手术时间短于对照组,术中出血量、术中输血量、术中X线暴露次数少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组置钉数量少于对照组,置钉准确率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后6个月观察组伤椎前后高度比大于对照组,矢状位后凸Cobb角小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后并发症发生率少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 通过3D打印技术辅助医师开展椎弓根螺钉置入治疗胸腰椎骨折,能有效的降低手术的难度,从而便于医师手术质量的提升,从而使患者获得更为理想的骨折复位效果。

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of 3D printing technology assisted pedicle screw placement on thoracolumbar fractures. Methods Forty patients with thoracic and lumbar spine fractures admitted from July 2017 to July 2019 were selected as study subjects. Among them, 20 patients underwent conventional pedicle screw placement and were included as the control group; the other 20 patients underwent 3D printing technology assisted pedicle screw placement after physician observation and stimulated operation were included as the observation group. The perioperative indicators, screw placement effect, reduction of injured vertebrae, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The operation time, amount of blood loss, amount of blood transfusion, and number of X-ray exposure in the observation group were less than those in the control group （P<0.05）. The number of screws used in the observation group was less than that in the control group, and the accuracy of screw placement was higher （P<0.05）. Six months after the operation, the ratio of anterior to posterior vertebrae height in the observation group was larger than that in the control group, and the sagittal kyphosis Cobb angle was smaller （P<0.05）. The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion The use of 3D printing technology to assist physicians in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with pedicle screws can effectively reduce the difficulty of surgery, improve the quality of surgery, and achieve a more ideal fracture reduction effect.