目的 分析口腔种植上颌窦内提升术治疗上颌后牙缺失临床疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年2月接受治疗的98例上颌后牙缺失患者的临床资料,根据患者采用的修复方式不同将其分为对照组、研究组,各49例。对照组采用常规烤瓷桥固定修复,而研究组采用上颌窦内提升术+种植固定修复。对比两组患者临床疗效、固位功能、咀嚼功能、美观度、舒适度以及并发症（牙龈炎、内冠松脱、出血）发生率。结果 研究组治疗总有效率为100.00%,较对照组的91.84%高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组的固位功能、咀嚼功能、美观度、舒适度评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组并发症发生率（2.04%）低于对照组（12.24%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 在上颌后牙缺失口腔种植中采用上颌窦内提升术治疗,能进一步提高固位功能、咀嚼功能、美观度、舒适度,降低并发症发生率,且疗效显著。

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of maxillary sinus lift with oral implant on maxillary posterior tooth loss. Methods The clinical data of 98 patients with maxillary posterior tooth loss who received treatment from January 2018 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to restoration methods, the patients were divided into a control group and a study group, with 49 cases in each group. The control group was fixed by conventional porcelain-fused-to-metal bridge, while the study group was fixed by maxillary sinus lift and implant. Clinical efficacy, retention function, masticatory function, aesthetic appearance, comfort, and incidence of complications （gingivitis, internal crown release, and bleeding） were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the study group was 100.00%, which was higher than that of the control group （91.84%）, and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The retention function, masticatory function, aesthetic appearance, and comfort scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The incidence rate of complications in the study group （2.04%） was lower than that in the control group （12.24%）, and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion Maxillary sinus lift in the treatment of maxillary posterior tooth loss can improve the retention function, masticatory function, aesthetic appearance, and comfort, and reduce the incidence of complications.