目的 探讨经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术（PTGBD）与经皮经肝胆囊穿刺抽吸术（PTGBA）治疗中重度急性胆囊炎的效果。方法 选择2018年5月—2020年6月收治的96例中重度急性胆囊炎患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各48例。对照组行PTGBD,研究组行PTGBA,观察两组临床疗效、围手术指征、炎症指标、并发症。结果 研究组的临床疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）,住院时间短于对照组（P<0.05）,两组手术时间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,研究组术后72 h白细胞、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血清淀粉样物质（SAA）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）,并发症发生率（6.25%）低于对照组的20.84%（P<0.05）。结论 相较于PTGBD,PTGBA可快速改善中重度急性胆囊炎患者的炎症水平,并减少术后并发症的发生,提高治疗效果,促进其快速恢复。

Objective To explore the effects of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage （PTGBD） and percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration （PTGBA） on moderate to severe acute cholecystitis. Methods A total of 96 patients with moderate to severe acute cholecystitis admitted from May 2018 to June 2020 were selected and divided into a control group and a study group according to random number table method, with 48 cases in each group. The control group was treated with PTGBD, and the study group was treated with PTGBA. The clinical efficacy, perioperative indications, inflammation indicators, and complications of the two groups were observed. Results The clinical efficacy of the study group was better than that of the control group （P<0.05）, and the hospital stay was shorter （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups （P>0.05）. The levels of white blood cells, C-reactive protein （CRP）, and serum amyloid （SAA） in the study group were lower than those in the control group 72 h after surgery （P<0.05）. The complication rate of the study group was 6.25%, lower than 20.84% of the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Compared with PTGBD, PTGBA can quickly reduce the inflammation level and postoperative complication incidences in patients with moderate to severe acute cholecystitis, improve treatment effect, and promote their rapid recovery.