目的 探讨应用负压引流球行胸腔闭式引流术治疗新生儿气胸的临床疗效。方法 选择2021年6月—2022年6月新生儿重症监护室44例行胸腔闭式引流术的气胸患儿,按不同引流方法分为中心静脉导管组19例（管径2.0~2.4 mm）和负压引流球组25例（管径5.3 mm）,比较两组患儿一般情况、置管时间、引流时间、机械通气时间及并发症发生率。结果 两组患儿在性别、胎龄、出生体重及肺压缩比例方面比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。负压引流球组引流时间（2.08±0.47） d、住院天数（9.37±2.10） d,治愈率100.0%;中心静脉导管组引流时间（6.50±0.93） d,住院天数（16.00±2.59） d,治愈率89.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。负压引流球组中发生1例切口感染外,两组在其他术后并发症发生率方面差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 应用负压引流球行胸腔闭式引流术治疗新生儿气胸引流效果好,缩短了引流时间,不易发生堵管,安全有效,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of closed thoracic drainage with negative pressure drainage ball on neonatal pneumothorax. Methods From June 2021 to June 2022, a total of 44 children with pneumothorax undergoing thoracic closed drainage in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of our hospital were selected. According to different drainage methods, they were divided into a central venous catheter group （n=19, diameter 2.0-2.4 mm） and a negative pressure drainage ball group （n=25, diameter 5.3 mm）. The general condition, catheter placement time, drainage time, mechanical ventilation time, and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in sex, gestational age, birth weight, and lung compression ratio between the two groups （P>0.05）. In the negative pressure drainage ball group, the drainage time was （2.08±0.47） d, the hospital stay was （9.37±2.10） d, and the cure rate was 100.0%. In the central venous catheter group, the drainage time was （6.50±0.93） d, the hospital stay was （16.00±2.59） d, and the cure rate was 89.5%; all the differences of the indicators between the two groups were statistically significant （P<0.05）. There was a significant difference in the incidence of other postoperative complications between the two groups （P<0.05）, except 1 case of incision infection in the negative pressure drainage ball group. Conclusion The use of negative pressure drainage ball for thoracic closed drainage in the treatment of neonatal pneumothorax has a good drainage effect, shortens drainage time, is not easy to induce tube blockage, safe and effective, worthy of clinical application.