目的 探讨经括约肌间隙引流术应用于高位肌间后马蹄形肛周脓肿患者对术后疼痛、肛门功能能和肛瘘形成率的影响。方法 选取2020年1月—2023年7月收治的高位肌间后马蹄型肛周脓肿患者90例为研究对象,用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组（各45例）,对照组使用切开挂线术治疗,研究组使用经括约肌间隙引流术治疗。对比两组的疼痛情况[视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分]、肛门功能（Wexner评分）和肛瘘形成率。结果 术后研究组患者的VAS评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,Wexner评分较对照组低（P<0.05）,且肛瘘发生率也低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 经括约肌间隙引流术治疗高位肌间后马蹄型肛周脓肿可有效缓解患者的术后疼痛,改善肛门功能,降低术后肛瘘的发生率。

Objective To investigate the effect of trans-sphincter space drainage on postoperative pain, anal function, and anal fistula formation rate in patients with high intramuscular posterior horseshoe shaped perianal abscess. Methods A total of 90 patients with high intramuscular posterior horseshoe shaped perianal abscess were selected from January 2020 to July 2023, and randomly divided into a study group and a control group with 45 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with incision and thread-drawing, while those in the study group were treated with drainage through sphincter space. The two groups were compared in terms of pain [visual analogue scale （VAS） score], anal function （Wexner score）, and anal fistula formation rate. Results After surgery, the VAS score of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group （P<0.05）, the Wexner score was lower （P<0.05）, and the incidence rate of anal fistula was also lower （P<0.05）. Conclusion Trans-sphincter space drainage surgery can effectively alleviate postoperative pain, improve anal function, and reduce the incidence of postoperative anal fistula in patients with high intramuscular horseshoe shaped perianal abscess.