目的 探讨经皮脊柱内镜下椎管减压术治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症的效果。方法 选择2021年7月—2023年9月收治的腰椎椎管狭窄症患者90例作为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为2组,每组各45例。对照组采用常规腰椎减压术治疗,观察组采用经皮脊柱内镜下椎管减压术治疗,分析比较两组临床疗效、手术指标、疼痛评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）。结果 两组患者治疗后临床症状明显改善,观察组临床有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组手术指标（包括手术时间、术中出血量）水平低于对照组（P<0.05）,住院时间短于对照组（P<0.05）,疼痛评分、ODI数值均低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组随访率较对照组高,并发症发生率较对照组低（P<0.05）。结论 经皮脊柱内镜下椎管减压术治疗腰椎椎管狭窄疾病效果显著,患者的疼痛程度明显减轻,其腰椎功能障碍得到改善,利于患者病情恢复,临床上可借鉴及推广。

Objective To investigate the effect of percutaneous endoscopic spinal decompression in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods A total of 90 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis from July 2021 to September 2023 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups using a random number table method, with 45 patients in each group. The control group received conventional lumbar decompression surgery, while the observation group received percutaneous endoscopic spinal decompression surgery. The clinical efficacy, surgical indicators, pain scores, and Oswestry disability index （ODI） were compared between the two groups. Results After symptomatic treatment, the clinical efficacy of the two groups of patients improved significantly, and the observation group showed a higher effective rate than the control group （P<0.05）. The levels of surgical indicators （operation time and intraoperative blood loss volume） in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）, the hospital stay was shorter （P<0.05）, and the pain score and ODI values were lower （P<0.05）. Conclusion Percutaneous endoscopic spinal decompression has a significant effect on lumbar spinal stenosis, with significantly reduced pain levels and lighter lumbar dysfunction, which is beneficial for patient recovery. It can be used for reference and promotion in clinical practice.