目的 探究基于问题的学习（PBL）联合基于案例的学习（CBL）教学模式在规培学员心脏瓣膜病诊治教学中的应用。方法 纳入2017年2月—2024年2月进行住院医师规范化培训的临床医学专业学员64名,通过随机数字表法将其分为试验组及对照组,每组各32名,对两组的相关教学数据进行对比分析。结果 试验组理论知识考核成绩为（89.76±0.41）分,实践技能考核成绩为（91.42±0.78）分,均显著高于对照组的理论知识考核成绩[（82.34±0.78）分]和实践技能考核成绩[（81.68±1.63）分],差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。试验组在教学内容、教学方法、教学效果、教学能力、教学态度等5个方面的评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 PBL联合CBL教学模式不仅能够增强学员对于临床教学内容的掌握,提高其理论知识水平及实践技能能力,还能提升学员发现问题解决问题的能力,有效提升其医患沟通能力。

Objective To explore the application of problem-based learning （PBL） combined with case-based learning （CBL） teaching mode in the teaching of diagnosis and treatment of heart valvular disease for trainees. Methods A total of 64 clinical medical students who received standardized residency training from February 2017 to February 2024 were included and divided into a test group and a control group by random number table method, with 32 students in each group. The relevant teaching data of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The test group's theoretical scores （89.76±0.41） and practical skill scores （91.42±0.78） were significantly higher than those of the control group （82.34±0.78 and 81.68±1.63） （P<0.05）. The scores of the test group in teaching content, teaching method, teaching effect, teaching ability, and teaching attitude were higher than those of the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion The teaching mode of PBL combined with CBL can not only enhance students' understanding of clinical teaching content including theoretical knowledge and practical skills, but also improve their ability to find and solve problems, which effectively improve their doctor-patient communication ability.