Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopic rectum, sigmoid colon cancer radical operation on rectum or colorectal cancer, and to provide reference for clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods 90 patients with colorectal carcinoma in our hospital were selected. They were randomly divided into the observation group 44 cases and control group with 46 cases. The observation group was treated by laparoscopic rectum, sigmoid colon cancer radical resection for treatment. The control group received laparotomy operation treatment, The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative anal exhaust time, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications; survival through follow-up of both groups were compared. Results The amount of bleeding, the intraoperative and postoperative anal exhaust time and postoperative hospitalization of the control group were significantly more than those in the laparoscopic group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The complication rate was 9.09% in observation group, while it was 10.87% in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The progression free survival of control group was 9 months (95% confidence interval, 5.6~11.8 months), the median survival was 22.7 months (95% confidence interval, 17.2~29.4 months); while it was 12.5 months (95% confidence interval, 8.4~17.6 months) in the observation group, the median survival period for 34.3 months (95% confidence interval, 25.6~33.4 months), it was significantly longer than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic rectum, sigmoid colon cancer radical resection is helpful to improve the clinical efficacy of colorectal cancer, can improve the prognosis of patients, prolong the survival of patients with and without increasing the risk, operation, good safety.