Objective To investigate the effects of early comprehensive rehabilitation treatment on spinal cord function and activities of daily living in patients with spinal cord injury after surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 110 patients with spinal cord injury at our hospital from April 2023 to March 2024. According to the intervention method, they were divided into a control group and a study group, with 55 cases in each group. The control group received routine rehabilitation intervention, while the study group received early comprehensive rehabilitation treatment. The differences in spinal cord function [American Spinal Injury Association （ASIA） score], activities of daily living [spinal cord independence measure （SCIM） score, and modified Barthel index （MBI） score], and incidence of complications between the two groups were compared. Results The indicators were comparable between the two groups of patients before intervention （P>0.05）. After intervention, both groups of patients showed significant improvements in spinal cord motor and sensory scores, as well as SCIM and MBI scores （P<0.05）, and the improvement effect was more significant in the study group （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups of patients （P>0.05）. Conclusion Early comprehensive rehabilitation therapy has a definite therapeutic effect on postoperative rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury, significantly improving their spinal cord function and enhancing their activities of daily living.