Objective To explore the clinical effect of improved longitudinal incision and transverse operation on chronic anal fissure.Methods Sixty patients with chronic anal fissure who were admitted to Fengshun County People’s Hospital from September 2015 to October 2017 were enrolled in the study and divided into an experimental group and a reference group according to the time of admission.The reference group received conventional longitudinal incision and transverse suture, while the experimental group received modified operation.The effect of surgical treatment was compared between the two groups of patients.Results The experimental group showed shorter wound healing time than the reference group (P<0.05).The reference group had less pain and mild-to-moderate edema patients, more severe pain and edema patients (P<0.05), and more wound infection patients than the experimental group (P<0.05).The complication rate in the reference group was 6.67%, and the recurrence rate was 10.00%.There was no recurrence or complication in the experimental group, and the recovery of anus was good.The recurrence rate and the incidence rate of complications between the two groups were significantly different (P<0.05).The quality of life scale scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the reference group (P<0.05).Conclusion Modified longitudinal incision and transverse suture has significant effects on chronic anal fissure, showing good postoperative conditions, no complications, and improved quality of life of the patients, which is worthy of clinical application.