Objective To evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of different surgical methods for uterine myoma on ovarian function by detecting the serum levels of AMH and postoperative modified Kupperman score.Methods From January 2014 to July 2015, 120 uterine fibroids patients underwent surgery, including uterine myomectomy group (group A, n=40), hysterectomy group (group B, n=40), and hysterectomy plus bilateral tubal resection group (group C, n=40). Serum AMH levels were detected and compared among the three groups before 2 days of surgery and after 1, 6, and 12 months of surgery, and modified Kupperman scores at corresponding time points were also detected to assess the severity of perimenopausal symptoms.Results For group B and group C, AMH levels were significantly lower at postoperative 6 and 12 months than preoperative 2 days (P<0.05). Compared with group A, group B and group C showed significantly lower levels of AMH at postoperative 6 and 12 months (P<0.05). For group B and group C, modified Kupperman score did not change at postoperative 1 month (P>0.05), but increased significantly at postoperative 6 and 12 months (P<0.05) compared with preoperative 2 days. Compared with group A, group B and group C showed higher modified Kupperman scores at postoperative 6 and 12 months (P<0.01).Conclusion Myomectomy (control group) has little effects on ovarian function, but its clinical effect is comparable to subtotal hysterectomy. The patients receiving hysterectomy or hysterectomy with bilateral tubal resection result in decreased ovarian function at postoperative 6 and 12 months. Therefore, myomectomy is a preferred treatment for uterine myoma without affecting ovarian function.