Objective To investigate the effect of caregiving participatory self-management on reducing pertioneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in patients with peritonitis. Methods A group of 125 patients with home-based peritoneal dialysis from January 2017 to December 2017 were enrolled into the observation group, and adopted routine outpatient follow-up and health education guidance. Another group of 130 patients with home-based peritoneal dialysis from January 2018 to December 2018 were enrolled into the experimental group, and received caregiving participatory self-management on the basis of routine outpatient follow-up and health education guidance. The incidence of pertioneal dialysis-associated peritonitis was compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of pertioneal dialysis-associated peritonitis was significantly decreased from 70.38 patient months to 101.84 patient months after the implementation of caregiving participatory self-management (P<0.05). The incidence rates of pertioneal dialysis-associated peritonitis due to operational and enterogenous causes were also significantly decreased from 9 cases (7.2%) to 2 cases (1.5%) and from 10 (8.0%) cases to 2 cases (1.5%) respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of caregiving participatory self-management can improve patient compliance and standarded peritoneal dialysate replacement, reduce the incidence of pertioneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by inappropriate operation or enterogenous causes, and finally increase the survival rate and quality of life of the patients.