Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal prosthetic herniorraphy on unilateral inguinal hernia among 235 patients. Methods A total of 470 patients with unilateral inguinal hernia treated from March 2016 to February 2020 in our hospital were divided into a laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal prosthetic herniorraphy group (observation group) and an open tension-free inguinal hernia repair group (control group) according to different therapies, with 235 cases in each group. Operation conditions, postoperative recurrence rate and complications, and GQOL-74 (Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74) scores of the two groups were evaluated. Results No differences in preoperative VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and GQOL-74 scores were observed between the two groups. The length of hospital stay [(5.45±0.85) d vs. (8.25±1.55)d], postoperative VAS scores (2.54±0.54 vs. 5.25±1.05), time of off?bed activity [(13.52±3.54) h vs. (45.42±4.02)h], postoperative complication rate (3.40% vs. 13.19%), and recurrence rate at 6 months after surgery (2.55% vs. 9.36%) in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05), but the operative time [(73.42±4.36) min vs. (44.52±4.42) min] and postoperative GQOL-74 score were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal prosthetic herniorraphy for unilateral inguinal hernia can produce higher life quality, less postoperational pain, shorter hospital stay, a lower recurrence rate, and fewer complications, thus it is worthy of application.