Objective To evaluate the effects of standardized workflow of chest pain for nurses on the treatment of emergent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cardiac function. Methods A total of 120 AMI patients from March 2018 to March 2019 in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, while the observation group was given nursing care according to standardized workflow of chest pain. The success rate of AMI emergency treatment, as well as the time of the first electrocardiogram, venous access establishment, cTnT monitoring results, drug administration, family members signing informed consent, and ICU stay, were compared between the two groups; the left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA grade of cardiac function, and the incidence of complications before and after nursing were also compared. Results The success rate of AMI emergency treatment in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After designed nursing care, the left ventricular ejection fraction and NYHA grade of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The time of the first electrocardiogram, venous access establishment, cTnT monitoring results, drug administration, family members signing informed consent, and ICU stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence rate of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of standardized workflow of chest pain for nurses to patients with AMI can achieve good treatment effects, shorten the time of nursing and rescue work, improve the success rate of rescue patients’ heart function, and reduce complications.