Objective To explore the effects of local application of tranexamic acid injection combined with absorbable gelatin sponge during lumbar spine surgery on patient's postopereative hemorrhage, surgical outcome, and postoperative inflammation indicators. Methods Sixty patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery from July 2016 to July 2020 were randomly selected. The control group only used absorbable gelatin sponge, and the observation group additionally used tranexamic acid injection. The two groups were compared in first three 8 h drainage volumes, total drainage volume, extubation time, red blood cell volumes and Hb values at postoperative 1, 3, and 7 days, and postoperative inflammation indicators. Results The observation group showed significantly reduced first 8 h and total drainage volumes than the control group; there were significant differences between the first 8 h volume and the second or third 8 h volume in both groups; no difference was observed between the second and the third 8 h volume. The Hb and HCT at postoperative 1 d in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）, and there were no significant differences before, 3 d after, and 7 d after operation （P>0.05）. Before treatment, there were no significant differences in serum inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, CRP, and TNF-α levels between the two groups, and were higher in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.05）; after 3 d of treatment, the serum inflammatory factor levels were higher than before （P<0.05）. Conclusion After combined treatment using tranexamic acid injection and absorbable gelatin sponge, the drainage volume is greatly reduced in the patients, showing a good hemostasis effect, and the inflammatory reactions are well controlled as well; therefore, the combination is worthy of clinical promotion.