Objective To observe the clinical effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty （PKP） on osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture （OVCF）. Methods A total of 120 patients with OVCF from April 2018 to March 2021 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into an observation group （n=60, receiving PKP） and a control group （n=60, receiving conservative treatment）, and the efficacy of the two groups was observed. Results After treatment, the average height of injured vertebrae, kyphosis angle, and VAS score in both groups were significantly improved （P<0.05）, the average height of injured vertebrae and kyphosis angle in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）, and the VAS score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. FIM score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion PKP has a significant effect on OVCF, which can significantly alleviate pain symptoms, restore the height of injured vertebra, and correct kyphosis deformity angle, improve the quality of daily life of patients, and can be promoted in clinical application.