Objective To observe and compare the anesthesia effects of alfentanil and sufentanil combined with propofol in painless bronchoscopy. Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent painless bronchoscopy from March 2021 to July 2021 were selected. According to random number table method, they were divided into a control group and an observation group, 40 cases in each group. Sufentanil was used in the control group （0.2 μg/kg）, and at alfentanil in the control group （20 μg/kg）. Mean blood pressure （before induction of anesthesia, 3 min after induction, and the end of the examination）, wake-up time, orientation recovery time, respiratory depression, coughing and other adverse reactions were recorded in the two groups. Results The mean blood pressure levels of the observation group 3 min after induction and after examination in the observation group declined less than those in the control group （P<0.05）. The wake-up time and orientation recovery time of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Painless bronchoscopy using alfentanil combined with propofol anesthesia results in quick recovery time, stable hemodynamics, and short recovery time for orientation.