Objective To investigate the effects of combined anterior and posterior segment surgery for macular hole combined with cataract on patients' vision， macular area morphology， and safety. Methods A total of 150 patients with macular hole combined with cataract treated in our hospital from April 2019 to April 2022 were selected as study subjects， and underwent combined anterior and posterior segment surgery. The visual acuity and changes in the morphology and structure of macular area of patients were compared before and after treatment， and the occurrence of postoperative complications was recorded. Results After treatment， the patients' visual acuity was higher than before treatment， and the intraocular pressure level was lower than before treatment （P<0.05）. The distortion of macular area morphology and structure in 146 patients was restored， with a recovery rate of 97.33%. The total incidence rate of complications was 7.33%. Conclusion The combined anterior and posterior segment surgery for macular hole combined with cataract has a definite therapeutic effect， can actively improve visual acuity and macular area morphology， and is relatively safe. It is worth promoting and applying in clinical practice.