Objective To explore the effect of intraoperative acupuncture and medication combined with postoperative fumigation treatment on patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in percutaneous vertebroplasty. Method A total of 76 patients with osteoporotic compression fractures admitted from July 2021 to July 2022 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group by random number table method, with 38 cases in each group. All patients were treated with PVP surgery. The control group received intraoperative acupuncture and medication combined with traditional Chinese medicine fumigation placebo, while the observation group received intraoperative acupuncture and medication combined with postoperative fumigation treatment. The levels of vital indicators, traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores, pain scores, and ODI index were compared between the two groups. Results There was no difference in the levels of mean arterial pressure （MAP）, heart rate （HR）, and oxygen saturation （SpO₂） between the two groups before treatment （P>0.05）. After treatment, the levels of MAP [（100.32±10.12） mmHg], HR [（73.18±6.23） beats/min], and SpO₂ （99.65%±0.35%） in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, with significant differences between the groups （P<0.05）. There was no difference in the score of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms before treatment between the two groups （P>0.05）. The score of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms in the observation group after treatment （2.74±0.65） was lower than that in the control group （4.74±0.56）, with a significant difference between the groups （P<0.05）. There was no difference in pain score and ODI index between the two groups before treatment （P>0.05）. The pain score （1.18±0.45） and ODI index （8.42±1.32） of the observation group were lower than those of the control group after treatment, and the difference between the groups was significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion The combination of acupuncture and medication therapy during PVP surgery with postoperative fumigation treatment has a significant effect such as improving the patient's vital signs, decreasing their traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores, alleviating pain, and alleviating their functional impairments. It can be used for reference and promotion in clinical practice.