Objective To explore the effect of a comprehensive postoperative recovery plan combined with systemic respiratory training in patients undergoing pulmonary nodule surgery. Methods According to the random number table method, 175 patients who underwent pulmonary nodule surgery in the 910 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from June 2019 to August 2022 were divided into two groups： the control group of 87 patients received comprehensive postoperative recovery intervention, and the observation group of 88 patients received systemic respiratory training on the basis of the control group. Clinical indicators, respiratory function, pulmonary function, and incidence of complications were observed and compared between the two groups of patients. Results After the intervention, the observation group had shorter first exhaust time, first defecation time, out-of-bed time, drainage tube retention time, and hospitalization time than the control group （P<0.05）. The respiratory frequency and the Borg fatigue scale score after intervention in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）. The forced vital capacity （FVC）, forced expiratory volume in 1 s （FEV₁）, and FEV₁/FVC of the observation group after intervention were all higher than those of the control group （P<0.05）. The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion The comprehensive postoperative recovery plan combined with systemic respiratory training can improve lung function and respiratory function, reduce the incidence of complications, and shorten postoperative recovery time in patients undergoing pulmonary nodule surgery.