Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of phacoemulsification combined with angle separation surgery on patients with cataract and angle closure glaucoma and its impact on complications. Methods A total of 100 patients with cataract combined with angle closure glaucoma admitted between February 2018 and April 2024 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 50 patients in each group, using a random number table method. The control group patients were treated with cataract phacoemulsification combined with artificial lens implantation, while the observation group patients were treated with cataract phacoemulsification combined with artificial lens implantation and angle separation surgery. Observation indicators included treatment efficacy, incidence of postoperative complications, and improvement in quality of life. Results Compared with the control group, the observation group had a higher total effective rate of treatment （P<0.05）. The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. Before treatment, the quality of life indicators were comparable between the control group and the observation group （P>0.05）. After treatment, both groups showed an increase in the quality of life indicators, and the observation group had higher scores than the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion The application of phacoemulsification combined with artificial lens implantation and angle separation has a prominent effect in the treatment of cataract and angle closure glaucoma, which can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications and improve the quality of life of patients. It is worthy of widespread clinical application.