Abstract: to discuss the diagnosis, prevention and treatment methods for laparoscopic bile duct injury through the analysis of physiological, anatomical, pathological and technical factors of laparoscopic bile duct injury, and to think that laparoscopic bile duct injury can be prevented and treated by strengthening preoperative and postoperative management, on the base of full understanding the causes of bile duct injury, the normal anatomy and anatomy variation of the biliary tree, and specification of laparoscopic operation technology.